When we sold God's eye Diamonds, murder, and a clash of worlds in the Amazon

Alex Cuadros

Book - 2024

"The unbelievable true story of the Cinta Larga, a tribe first contacted by Westerners in the 1960s, who came to run an illegal diamond mine in the depths of the Amazon. Growing up in a remote corner of the world's largest rainforest, Pio, Maria, and Oita learned to hunt wild pigs and tapirs, gathering Brazil nuts and açaí berries from centuries-old trees. Then the first highway pierced through, ranchers, loggers, and prospectors invaded, and they lost their families to terrible new weapons and diseases. Pushed by the government to assimilate, they struggled to figure out their new, capitalist reality, discovering its wonders as well as its horrors. They ended up forging an uneasy symbiosis with their white antagonists--until de...cades of suppressed trauma erupted into a massacre, an act of retribution that made headlines across the globe. Based on six years of immersive reporting and research, WHEN WE SOLD GOD'S EYE tells a unique kind of adventure story, one that begins with a river journey by Teddy Roosevelt and ends with smugglers from Antwerp and New York City's Diamond District. It's a story of survival against all odds; of the temptations of wealth and the dream of prosperity; of a vital ecosystem threatened by the hunger for natural resources; of genocide and revenge. It's a story as old as the first European encounters with Indigenous people, playing out in the present day. But most of all, it's about a few startlingly clever individuals and their power to adapt and even thrive in the most unlikely circumstances"--

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  • Prologue
  • Part 1. The Time of Contact
  • 1. A New Kind of Yearning
  • 2. The Indian Protection Service
  • 3. What the Elders Couldn't Explain
  • 4. Raul's Men
  • 5. Idealists
  • 6. Ihe Feast
  • 7. Gravedigger
  • 8. Revenge and Forgiveness
  • 9. A Kidnapping
  • 10. Into the World
  • Part 2. The Time of Hardwood
  • 11. Chiefs
  • 12. Poor People
  • 13. Encounters with the Bureaucracy
  • 14. Unity and Betrayal
  • 15. "Who Wants to Be Civilized?"
  • Part 3. The Time of Diamonds
  • 16. Old Luca
  • 17. The Stream of the Blackflies
  • 18. A Small Operation
  • 19. The Rush
  • 20. Losing Control
  • 21. Negotiations
  • 22. Bodies
  • 23. Investigations
  • 24. The Crazy One
  • 25. April 7
  • Epilogue
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes on Sources
Review by Booklist Review

The indigenous Cinta Larga nation in the rainforests of Brazil's Amazon basin were f irst contacted by the outside world in the 1960s. For untold generations, they freely practiced their traditional ways, obtaining everything they needed from the forest and maintaining a distinct society. Contact with white people came slowly at first, from latex prospectors and various iterations of an Indian Protection Service. As the number of strangers increased, the Cinta Larga suffered shocks from new technologies, disease, and even alien foods. They also discovered that the bright, clear stones that washed out of the river from time to time were extremely valuable in the white people's world. Journalist Cuadros details the history and lives of the tribe through extensive interviews with elders, focusing on the challenges they face to preserve their lands and culture. Add to that the ripple effects of their running a diamond mine, as Cuadros documents how friction between white prospectors and the tribe resulted in a massacre. A vibrant, in-depth, and eye-opening account of conflict in the Amazon with dire cultural and environmental consequences.

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

An Amazonian tribe fractures, turns to illegal pillaging of their own lands, and perpetrates a shocking massacre in this intricate and tragic account. Journalist Cuadros (Brazillionaires) follows the Cinta Larga of western Brazil after their first contact with white men in the 1960s. He paints their lives before contact as an idyll of hunting, horticulture, and feasting in the rainforest. (Downsides included bloody feuds and the exploitation of women.) Their encounters with non-Indigenous Brazilians featured occasional violence, but also curiosity and a hunger for the intruders' steel tools--and finally a series of epidemics that left fewer than 400 survivors. Cuadros recaps the cross-cultural coming-of-age of Nacoça Pio, an orphaned boy who became a Cinta Larga leader skilled at working with government agencies and white settlers, and Oita Matino, a hot-headed, semicriminal hustler; both became involved in despoiling their tribe's land, selling valuable but banned mahogany wood, and later operating an illegal diamond mine. The latter brought riches, but also conflict with white prospectors who resented their Indigenous bosses; in 2004, that tension exploded into a shocking killing spree. Cuadros depicts the Cinta Larga's fall from grace with vivid prose ("Now he felt the full weight of open-eyed regret, a kind of regret his father could never have imagined, because his world was so much smaller"). Readers will be riveted. (Dec.)

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Review by Library Journal Review

Investigative journalist Cuadros (Brazillionaires: Wealth, Power, Decadence, and Hope in an American Country) spent six years embedded with the Indigenous Cinta Larga tribe in Brazil's Amazon rainforest. The Cinta Larga lived a traditional lifestyle, hunting and foraging, until the 1960s. They watched Theodore Roosevelt's scientific expedition in the early twentieth century from a distance. Prospectors began invading their land from the 1920s on, culminating in a massacre in the 1960s. Cuadros spent hours interviewing tribe members who were young in the 1970s when mutual contact was made with outsiders. There are echoes of early meetings of colonists and Indigenous Americans in the U.S. in a feast the Cinta Larga celebrated with outsiders, during which they contracted disease that killed whole families. They were tempted away from their traditional ways of life with gifts of tools from prospective entrepreneurs interested in harvesting first rubber, then hardwood (particularly mahogany), and finally diamonds. At every juncture, prospectors took advantage of them, destroying their environment and way of life. VERDICT Cuadros offers a sympathetic, nuanced portrayal of the Cinta Larga people and their modern history; recommended for all libraries.--Caren Nichter

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Review by Kirkus Book Review

Stone Age people encounter the modern world, with predictable results. Journalist Cuadros, author ofBrazillionaires: Wealth, Power, Decadence, and Hope in an American Country, has immersed himself in Brazil's expansion into its Amazonian frontier, a process that began early in the 20th century, exploded after World War II, and is still in progress. He focuses on the Cinta Larga, an Indigenous society of 1,000 to 2,000 people living in the remote jungle near the Bolivian border. Lacking clothes, boats, and domestic animals and perpetually at war with neighboring tribes, they had no trouble feeding themselves. Following the usual scenario, ranchers, loggers, and miners poured in with their magical technology, guns, greed, and diseases, and tribal members who did not go to work for white men became beggars. As one anthropologist put it, "The Brazilian state turned Indians into poor people." Cuadros tells his story through the lives of half a dozen Cinta Larga and an idealistic member of Brazil's Indian Protection Service, a government office designed to protect Indigenous people and encourage them to assimilate. Underfunded and with no enforcement power, the agency could not keep newcomers out or control them, and he eventually grew discouraged. His Indigenous clients are survivors--despite disease and violence vastly reducing their numbers--and they entered the 21st century in an uneasy truce with a rapacious free market culture. The discovery of diamonds in 1999 produced a massive influx of prospectors that dwarfed the native population. Mining in tribal protected areas is illegal, but Brazilian authorities, understaffed when not corrupt, were little help. Near the book's end, a band of warriors massacres about 30 miners, a climax that turns into an anticlimax because mining continues and government investigation and prosecution are still in progress 20 years later. An impassioned story with many parallels to the American Indian experience, and equally dispiriting. Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.