How to be Life lessons from the early Greeks

Historian Nicolson (The Life Between the Tides) illuminates in this meditative account the vital influence geography had on the evolution of Greek philosophy from the 11th to the 5th centuries BCE, arguing that places gave rise to frames of mind that served as wellsprings of new ideas. Drawing on archaeology, literary accounts, and his own travels, Nicolson contends that Greek philosophers' focus on fluidity, exchange, and connectedness derived from the growth of Iron Age port cities across the Aegean. In support of this idea, he recounts a well-worn parable of the philosopher Thales, who lived in the port city of Miletus in the 6th century BCE; Thales tripped into a well while examining the stars and was laughed at by an enslaved girl who chided him for not being able to see what was directly in front of him. According to Nicolson, this story illustrates how the tensions of the slave trade, the basis of Miletus's coastal prosperity, led to the origins of philosophy's self-conscious divide between the study of an ideal cosmos and an unideal reality. Elsewhere, Nicolson posits that the poet Sappho was inspired by the long absences of a maritime world to develop the idea of a distinct, isolated self that longs for connection. ("And her light/ stretches equally/ over salt sea...// But she goes back and forth remembering.") Lyrical and insightful, this graceful analysis is an alluring must-read. (Oct.)

A dazzling meditation on the quest of the early Greek philosophers to understand the world. Most readers have heard of the most famous Greek philosophers--Plato, Aristotle, Socrates--but Nicolson, author of Life Between the Tides and Why Homer Matters, goes back further in time to examine the Iron Age philosophers: Sappho, Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus, among others. His premise is that the Greeks of this era, from roughly 700 to 500 B.C., developed their agile way of looking at the world from their seaborne way of living and trading. The author calls it the "dolphin mind," an attitude that rejected the authoritarianism of the past in favor of a "mindset of entrepreneurial, adventuring people…a form of mercantile courage, of reliance on fluidity." Author of many award-winning books on literature, nature, sailing, history, Nicolson is an excellent writer, his work shot through with wonder, erudition, and curiosity. He effortlessly pulls together strands of history, philosophy, language, art, culture, and archaeology. He chronicles his travels to present-day sites and ruins of the cities these philosophers called home, from Turkey's western coast to Sicily, and re-creates both everyday city living and the philosophers' struggles to understand the gears in the machine of existence. He organizes chapters around existential questions--What Is Existence Made Of? Is the World Full of Souls? Does Love Rule the Universe?--and the text is accompanied by reproductions of Greek art and artifacts, including pottery, coins, statues, and entire temples. These are all tangible clues to how these philosophers worked, played, and thought. Nicolson acknowledges the brutal side of Greek life, and he doesn't shy away from the ugly realities of slave life, from endless, backbreaking manual labor to forced prostitution. Much deeper than a self-help book, this work returns to the past and shows how the ancients' struggles were in many respects our own. A must-read for anyone interested in philosophy, history, travel, art and the quest of human beings to comprehend themselves. Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.