Crushed How student debt has impaired a generation and what to do about it

David E. Linton, 1982-

Book - 2023

"Crushed is a timely and insightful work that sheds light on the state of American universities and their graduates. It takes readers on a fascinating and reflective journey into the current student debt crisis and how it has become a major burden to American society. Beyond just describing how we got into this huge mess, Crushed also offers actionable public-policy steps to help fix this ever-growing problem.This reader-friendly guide explores the U.S. university system in depth, the incentive structures driving university decisions, and what has led to both rapid tuition inflation and skyrocketing student debt. It also explores why the U.S. university system is no longer reducing the racial wealth gap and how it is now contributing t...o intergenerational poverty. Crushed explains what every parent or prospective student should know before, during, or after enrolling in college, including what choices they should make to graduate on time, with a valuable degree, and with little (or no) debt. Additionally, it concludes with a detailed policy discussion and provides simple, yet powerful, ways to mitigate and eventually eliminate runaway tuition inflation and the overwhelming stock of student debt. Key Features: --Reviews the growth and development of the American university system, including its objectives, successes, and failures--Explains university endowments, why these pools of capital are so large, and how they can be used more efficiently to ensure students graduate on time with valuable degrees--Details the growth of college tuition, explains how tuition and other sources of income are used, and describes the perverse incentives that have led to unchecked tuition inflation--Provides an in-depth analysis on the value of a college degree and describes how that value has changed over time--Explains how the student loan industry grew to its current size and provides an explanation for how and why consumer protections were reduced--Describes how the current tertiary educational system harms minority students and contributes to the interracial wealth gap--Details legislative solutions to reducing debt, aligning incentives, restoring bankruptcy protections, and reducing the cost of a college education without reducing its value"--

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Subjects
Published
Plantation, FL : J. Ross Publishing, Inc [2023]
Language
English
Main Author
David E. Linton, 1982- (author)
Physical Description
xix, 291 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 23 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-283) and index.
ISBN
9781604271898
  • Foreword
  • Introduction
  • About the Author
  • WAV™
  • Part I. How Did We Get Here?
  • Chapter 1. A Brief History of the Growth of the American University System
  • Why Review History?
  • Colonial Period Through the Civil War
  • The Civil War Through WWII
  • Post-WWII Through the 1970s
  • The 1970s Through the 2020s: Growth of Community, Public, and Private Colleges
  • Foundational Questions and Answers
  • Figure Sources
  • Chapter 2. Why Is College so Damn Expensive?
  • Rising Demand for Advanced Degrees
  • Universities' Response to a Surge in Demand
  • The Price of a College Degree
  • Why Has Tuition Risen? The Academic Explanations
  • Why Has Tuition Risen? The Practical Explanations
  • Recent Developments
  • Conclusion
  • Chapter 3. The Value of a Degree: Why Go to College?
  • Benefits of a College Degree to the Individual
  • Societal Benefits
  • Risks and Harms of Earning a College Degree
  • Conclusion
  • Appendix 3.1. Employment and Salary Data Sorted Alphabetically by Major
  • Appendix 3.2. Employment and Salary Data Sorted by Median Wage Mid-Career (High to Low)
  • Chapter 4. The University Endowment: What Is It and Why Should We Care?
  • Endowment History and Objectives
  • How Are Endowments Managed?
  • Endowment Critiques
  • Conclusion
  • Figure Sources
  • Part II. Student Debt
  • Chapter 5. The Student Loan Industry: How Debt Grew and Consumer Protections Shrank
  • How Did We Get Here?
  • Where Are We Now?
  • Laws, Consumer Protections, and Bankruptcy
  • Conclusion
  • Chapter 6. How Student Loans Have Impaired a Generation
  • The Benefits of Student Loan Availability
  • Ways in Which Today's Young Adults Have Been Impaired
  • The Cost to the Taxpayer
  • Conclusion
  • Chapter 7. Disparate Outcomes: How Postsecondary Institutions Harm Minority Communities
  • Starting Conditions
  • The Results for Black Students
  • Policy Solutions: Benefits and Shortcomings
  • Conclusion
  • Chapter 8. Policy Solutions: How We Fix This Mess
  • Universities
  • Endowments
  • Lenders (Banks and the Government) and Borrowers (Students and Their Parents)
  • Conclusion
  • Chapter 9. What Every Parent, Student, and Prospective Student Should Know
  • Question 1: Should Someone Continue with Postsecondary Education?
  • Question 2: When Should Someone Continue with Their Postsecondary Education?
  • Question 3: How Do You Choose a College?
  • Question 4: What Should Someone Who Has Assumed Debt Do (and Not Do)?
  • Conclusion and Summary of Thoughts
  • Citations
  • Index
Review by Library Journal Review

This book by economist Linton (Foundations of Investment Management) analyzes the costs and value of a college education. The book examines the rising profitability in the student-loan industry, which forces students to pay unreasonably high interest rates. It also points out that lenders typically discriminate against BIPOC or low-income students who desperately need financial support to complete their education. The book notes that U.S. universities are adequately funded by endowments and taxes, which makes their expensive tuitions unnecessary and unreasonable. The author argues that the accrued debt of students who do not complete their education and the effects on their future must be taken more seriously by those who have the power to do something about it. He advocates for passing national legislation that would reduce or forgive student debt and bankruptcies caused by the costs of education. This book also encourages young people to explore all avenues of financial support, including the many overlooked scholarships they can discover in libraries and university financial counselors' offices. VERDICT This exceptional title will likely appeal to readers interested in education, social science, and the elimination of student-loan debt.--Claude Ury

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