Memory rose into threshold speech The collected earlier poetry

This ambitious bilingual edition completes Joris's herculean effort to translate all of Celan's poetry into English. Celan's experiences of trauma as a Holocaust survivor permeate poems such as "Todesfuge" ("Deathfugue"): "Black milk of dawn we drink you at night/ we drink you at noon death is a master from Deutschland/ we drink you evenings and mornings we drink and drink." Celan expresses the propulsive, hypnotic unraveling of the world through his fragmented refrain. Elsewhere, he paints himself as a perpetual outsider: "Blacker in black, I am more naked./ Only as a renegade am I faithful./ I am you when I am I." The importance of seeing and witnessing comes up again and again throughout: "Gaze-trade, finally, at untime:/ imagefast,/ lignified,/ the retina--:/ the eternity-sign." Joris's introduction and commentary provide useful historical and literary context. This admirable translation presents the early work of an eminent German language postwar poet to a new audience. (Nov.)