The innovation delusion How our obsession with the new has disrupted the work that matters most

Lee Vinsel, 1979-

Book - 2020

"For forty years, innovation has been the hottest buzzword in business. But what if the benefits of innovation have been exaggerated, and our obsession with the new has distracted us from the work that matters most? It's hard to avoid innovation these days. Nearly every product gets marketed as being disruptive, whether it's a new technology or a new toothbrush. But in this manifesto on the state of American work, historians of technology Lee Vinsel and Andrew Russell argue that our focus on shiny new things has made us poorer, less safe, and--ironically--less innovative. Drawing on years of original research and reporting, Russell and Vinsel show how our fixation on innovation has harmed every corner of the economy. Corporat...ions have spent millions hiring chief innovation officers while their core businesses tanked. Computer science programs have focused on programming and development even though the overwhelming majority of jobs are in IT and maintenance. Suburban sprawl has saddled cities with expensive infrastructure and piles of deferred maintenance that they can't afford to fix. And sometimes, innovation even kills--like in 2018, when a Miami bridge hailed for its innovative design collapsed onto a highway and killed six people. Vinsel and Russell tell the at-times humorous, at-times alarming story of how we devalued the work that keeps our world going--and in so doing, wrecked our economy, left our public infrastructure derelict, and lined the pockets of consultants who combine the ego of Silicon Valley with the worst of Wall Street's greed. They offer a compelling plan for how we can shift our focus in resources away from the pursuit of growth at all costs, and back toward the people and technologies underpinning so much of modern life. For anyone concerned by the crumbling state of our roads, bridges, and airports, and the direction our economy is headed, The Innovation Delusion is a deeply necessary re-evaluation of a trend we can still disrupt"--

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Subjects
Published
New York : Currency [2020]
Language
English
Main Author
Lee Vinsel, 1979- (author)
Other Authors
Andrew L. Russell, 1975- (author)
Edition
First edition
Physical Description
260 pages ; 25 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN
9780525575689
  • Part 1.
  • Chapter 1. The Problem with Innovation
  • Chapter 2. Turning Anxiety into a Product
  • Chapter 3. Technology after Innovation
  • Part 2.
  • Chapter 4. Slow Disaster
  • Chapter 5. Growth at All Costs
  • Chapter 6. The Maintainer Caste
  • Chapter 7. A Crisis of Care
  • Part 3.
  • Chapter 8. The Maintenance Mindset
  • Chapter 9. Fix It First
  • Chapter 10. Supporting the Work That Matters Most
  • Chapter 11. Caring for Our Homes, Our Stuff, and One Another
  • Epilogue: From Conversation to Action
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • Index
Review by Booklist Review

In a time when our society's "maintainers," such as health-care workers, custodians, and grocery clerks, have received unaccustomed attention, this book by two professors at institutes of technology is strangely prophetic. Vinsel and Russell note that we, as a culture, have extolled innovation and the "next big thing," while neglecting to maintain what we have. By maintenance, they do not mean just the upkeep of infrastructure, but also the care work humans require and the humble labor of our homes, including bathing children, doing laundry, and cooking healthful foods. Very often, the focus on the rush toward the shiny new thing neglects the fact that the thing will later need to be maintained. They note that communities often do not budget long-term for such necessary expenses, and families often purchase bigger homes than they need and then struggle with the associated costs. This book's advice to focus first on maintenance in so many areas is eminently sensible. The authors have formed an organization, themaintainers.org, to encourage care in all walks of life. The Innovation Delusion will get readers started in that direction.

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

The business world's obsession with disruption has been applied far too liberally and broadly, argues Vinsel, a Virginia Tech assistant professor of science, technology, and society, and Russell, dean of arts and science at SUNY Polytechnic, in this resounding call for sane business growth. The Silicon Valley ethos of "failing faster" can work for website and app developers, for whom profit margins are high and the costs of failure are low--but it's terrible advice for people building tangible items. Tired of the "move fast and break things" ethos, the authors decry the overselling of "design thinking" as a credo, especially in nonbusiness fields like education. Vinsel and Russell profile businesspeople, including Andrea Goulet, CEO of the "software mending" firm Corgibytes, and Yury Izrailevsky and Ariel Tseitlin, formerly Netflix's directors of, respectively, cloud solutions and systems architecture, whom they celebrate for being concerned with upkeep rather than invention, and visit a maintenance managers' convention to learn about this profession's mindset. Readers will come away from Vinsel and Russell's urgent and illuminating primer with a new perspective on the importance of maintenance as well as innovation in business. (Sept.)

(c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
Review by Library Journal Review

It's not innovation per se that Vinsel (science, technology, and society, Virginia Tech) and Russell (history, State Univ. of New York, Polytechnic Inst.) object to, but rather the pervasiveness of "innovation-speak" (sales pitch-style hype about future impact) and the throwaway economy that have led us to devalue maintenance and infrastructure. The book is divided into three sections: the first focuses on what led us to this innovation obsession; the second lists its negative effects on society, organizations, and individuals; and the third charts an alternate way forward in which we fix instead of throw away and take better care of one another and the world in which live. Though it sounds like a Luddite's ode to the simple life, this book is not that at all. The authors embrace technology's ability to improve our lives, not its value above all else. VERDICT Vinsel and Russell's observations make a compelling counterpoint to the innovation mania that has dominated this decade. Will appeal to innovation skeptics and fans of Daniel Kahneman's Thinking Fast and Slow and Charles Duhigg's The Power of Habit.--Sara Holder, Univ. of Illinois Libs., Champaign

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Review by Kirkus Book Review

A potent challenge to "the superiority of the innovation mindset." As professors Vinsel and Russell write in this vibrant, sure-footed argument, the digital economy rests, in part, on the "demand for rapid growth that disrupts the com-fortable incumbents of the status quo." For many, this attitude, characterized by creative disruption, has spread from the economy to become a way of life. Innovation is important, of course, but the concept of "move fast and break things…can be lousy guidance for anyone who builds or designs actual things." The authors argue that it is time to challenge the unholy marriage between Silicon Valley's ideology of change for change's sake and Wall Street's insatiable appetite for immediate profit; instead, we must attend to the areas of infrastructure and maintenance. Vinsel and Russell point out that innovation--the profitable combination of new and existing knowledge--is not the enemy. The problem is "innovation-speak," a misleading "sales pitch about a future that doesn't yet exist." Innovation-speak flourishes in a society that values the individual accumulation of wealth above the common good. Maintenance, though essential to any functioning society, is often neglected, thus disrupting order in a variety of forms, whether it's the physical infrastructure of roads and bridges or the simple ability to maintain a healthy populace. The authors guide readers with clear and contemporary examples of when deferred maintenance led to either slow or fast disaster, both of which are dangerous. "A slow disaster…is the accretion of harm from incremental neglect," they write. "It happens when children ingest chips from lead paint or when a potholed road becomes unsafe for traffic." The authors also thoroughly expose the unjust hierarchy that leaves maintenance workers at the bottom of the pay scale. We need a systematic approach, they argue, to monitoring and caring for our resources, encouraging sustainability and shared skill sets. Maintenance sustains success, and an ounce of prevention is still worth a pound of cure. A refreshing, cogently argued book that will hopefully make the rounds at Facebook, Google, Apple et al. Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Chapter One The Problem with Innovation For want of a nail the shoe was lost. For want of a shoe the horse was lost. For want of a horse the rider was lost. For want of a rider the message was lost. For want of a message the battle was lost. For want of a battle the kingdom was lost. And all for the want of a horseshoe nail. --"for want of a nail," undated proverb The explosions started at 8:00 a.m. with a spark from a bookstore furnace. Gas had leaked from a corroded local storage tank and into the city sewers overnight, and the cloud of vapor wound its way around the system before escaping through floor drains of downtown stores. The explosions rocked four buildings in all. Nobody was hurt, but authorities evacuated twenty thousand people from a thirteen-block area. It was an unpleasant start to a cold April morning in Saint John, a small town in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. On that day in 1986, four of the buildings directly above the leak were badly damaged. But one of their neighbors, located within the same radius, was spared. Why? The person who knows the answer--Heidi Overhill--let us in on the secret. Her late father, T. Douglas Overhill, ran an engineering consulting firm specializing in preventive maintenance. His favorite poem, which we quote above, was "For Want of a Nail," a paean to the far-reaching consequences of neglected maintenance. One of Overhill's clients, the owner of an office building in Saint John, had been following a plan Heidi's father designed for maintaining the property. Heidi described it to us in detail: "One of the scheduled tasks was to pour a bucket of water down each of the basement floor drains. Floor drains tend to dry out, and when there is no water in the S-shaped traps in the drainpipes, bad smells [and explosive gases] from the sewers can leak up through them." The fix for this problem is simple--"a bucket of water every now and then will seal the trap and make the basement smell better." On the day of the explosions, the surviving building belonged to Overhill's client, who had recently poured a bucket of water into the floor drain to seal it. But the owners of the neighboring stores that were damaged had followed no such plan. In real life, as in Overhill's favorite proverb, the kingdom was lost--and all for the want of maintenance. Do you ever get the feeling that everyone around you worships the wrong gods? That, through fluke or oversight, our society's charlatans have been cast as its heroes, and the real heroes have been forgotten? In a 2009 interview, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, reflecting on his young company's success, shared what has become a mantra for our times: "One of the core values of Facebook is 'Move fast and break things.' Unless you are breaking some stuff you are not moving fast enough." Rapid growth is the sine qua non of the digital economy--just ask anybody who has owned stock in Google, Apple, Facebook, or Amazon. New features draw new users and more revenue from advertisers and subscribers, which helps companies secure more funding and hire more people. Digital upstarts like Facebook succeed when they displace incumbents; that is why Zuckerberg was comfortable with the costs of taking risks. "One of the trade-offs that we made," he later remarked, "was we tolerated some defects in the product." This tactic works in the digital economy, where users are accustomed to beta releases and flaky connections, and the costs of fixing broken code pale in comparison with the costs of fixing a physical product, such as a car with faulty airbags or a bookstore with dried-out floor drains. In other words, "move fast and break things" is something more than a juvenile crack from a CEO who was twenty-five years old at the time he said it. It's a business strategy, an ethos that applies equally to product development and to Facebook's aggressiveness in buying out potential rivals, such as WhatsApp and Instagram. Zuckerberg wasn't alone in this outlook. At least since the dot-com crash of 2001, CEOs, entrepreneurs, and business school professors flouted common sense with buzzwords like "disruptive innovation" and "creative destruction," not to mention the imperative to "fail faster [to] succeed sooner." This approach quickly became recognized as the "start-up" mentality, and innovation was its prime directive--a demand for rapid growth that disrupts the comfortable incumbents of the status quo. To be sure, this innovation mindset led to some amazing things. Sixteen years after being launched, Facebook has more than two billion users around the world. Billions more would have a hard time functioning without constant access to Google or an iPhone. As business leaders embraced this worldview, its effects spilled out beyond the economy. We adjusted our values, even our vision of democracy, to be suitably deferential to the gods of Silicon Valley. We tolerated increasing amounts of "screen time" for our children and pledged our attention to addictive apps. A 2018 Georgetown University survey found that Americans trust Amazon and Google more than local, state, or federal government. In early 2016, an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal even floated the idea of a new political party that could bring "radical disruption" to "Establishment America." The leaders of this movement could come from Silicon Valley--perhaps Mark Zuckerberg, Sheryl Sandberg, or another of its heroes--and they could call it the "Innovation Party." After all, the essay concluded, "Who is against innovation?" The new political party failed fast, never moving past the op-ed phase. Novelty is at the core of American identity. (How many of our cities have names that begin with "New"?) Since the sixteenth century, we've been pushing stubbornly past "frontiers" of all kinds to reap the bounties of natural resources, political autonomy, and scientific progress. In the twenty-first century, our new digital gadgets were self-evident emblems of the superiority of the innovation mindset. The companies that made these gadgets and their "killer apps" grew until they were the most highly valued corporations in world history. Their lush corporate campuses became coveted destinations for college graduates. Their executives became icons. A nation mourned in 2011 when Apple's CEO Steve Jobs died. Serial entrepreneur Elon Musk was named among 2019's most admired people in America--ahead of Pope Francis and the Dalai Lama, but a significant distance behind Barack Obama and Donald Trump, America's disrupter in chief. And so, Americans went all in on innovation. Businesses created new positions like chief innovation officer and "Innovation Evangelist." Universities invested millions of dollars to build flashy new Innovation Centers, and philanthropists supported ambitious proposals for transforming some of our most basic cultural institutions. Schools at the K-12 level "disrupted" education by introducing laptops and tablets into the classroom and seeking to instill characteristics like "grit," entrepreneurialism, and "Design Thinking" in their students. Millennials in the job market reported feeling worthless and burned out if their creative exploits fell short of their own expectations or those of people they followed on Instagram. The result of all this change is dubious--in most cases, advocates cannot show that the efforts to stoke innovation have delivered on their promises. But that hasn't stopped Americans from upending centuries of tradition in the name of newfangled fads. The entrepreneurs and investors of Silicon Valley have profited from software, and this success has given them the capital and confidence to branch out into other fields. But while Zuckerberg's advice to "move fast and break things" is still considered good counsel for web designers and app builders--professions where profit margins are high, the costs of failure are low, and venture capital is plentiful--​it turns out that "move fast and break things," and the innovation mindset more generally, can be lousy guidance for anyone who builds or designs actual things. In 2016, reviewers celebrated the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 as a "beautiful" validation of Samsung's "innovation strategy"; that is, until hundreds of customers began to complain about burns and property damage caused by the phone's exploding battery. A Miami bridge praised for its "innovative" design killed six people when it collapsed onto a six-lane highway in 2018. And Elizabeth Holmes, who in 2003 founded the blood-testing start-up Theranos at age nineteen, moved fast--raising more than $700 million from investors and achieving a $10 billion valuation for her company. But Theranos also broke things, namely, laws protecting investors from the fraudulent, dangerous claims about the company's "revolutionary" technology. When digital-age companies encounter old problems in their new ventures in the material world--logistics, manufacturing, consumer tastes, societal norms and regulations, and traditional dynamics of supply and demand--they consistently flounder. Excerpted from The Innovation Delusion: How Our Obsession with the New Has Disrupted the Work That Matters Most by Lee Vinsel, Andrew L. Russell All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.