A time to build From family and community to Congress and the campus, how recommitting to our institutions can revive the American dream

National Affairs editor Levin (The Fractured Republic) examines how American society lost faith in its institutions in the 21st century and proposes steps to renew the public trust in this sober, conservatively minded inquiry. According to Levin, durability and structure are the defining characteristics of such institutions as Congress, the mainstream press, universities, corporations, the family, and the rule of law. "By giving shape to our experience of life in society," he writes, "institutions give shape to our place in the world." Individuals lose trust in an institution, he contends, when it is internally corrupted or when it becomes a platform to display individuality rather than to mold character. Levin sees the effects of such institutional degradation in "culture-war politics," declining marriage and birth rates, and white Evangelicals' loyalty to President Trump. He calls on Americans to reform institutions from within by being more trustworthy, aligning their personal and institutional identities, and working harder to understand opposing viewpoints. The modesty of Levin's proposals feels both refreshing and anticlimactic, and liberals are likely to find him too dismissive of the inequities that exist within institutions. Mainstream Republicans dismayed by the current state of their party, however, will savor this well-reasoned and hopeful study. (Jan.)

The conservative political historian and founding National Affairs editor surveys a nation whose institutions are in crisis.Continuing a project begun in 2016 with The Fractured Republic, Levin observes that contemporary Americans are "living through a social crisis," one that manifests in gridlock, bitterness, and "a culture war that seems increasingly to be dividing us into two armed camps angrily confronting each other in every corner and crevice of American life." It's not so much that we've lost faith in and patience with people who disagree with us, writes the author, but that we've witnessed the disintegration of the institutions that sustained us: journalism, which tends to an urban elitism; education, which imposes orthodoxies of political correctness; and government, which has descended into a cesspool of do-nothingism. Even after Richard Nixon left office in disgrace, he observes, more than half of Americans "expressed confidence in the presidency"; the current figure has fallen to a third. As for Congress, only 11% of respondents think it's doing anything positivesmall wonder, Levin writes, since the members of that body "have come to understand themselves most fundamentally as players in a larger cultural ecosystem, the point of which is not legislating or governing but rather a kind of performative outrage for a partisan audience." It is perhaps to the benefits of the eliteswho, Levin writes, used to number different casts of characters: one for education, one for politics, one for media, and the like, but who now largely comprise a single bodythat Americans are divided and that institutions are weak. The revival of the pure, original notion of what our institutions are meant to dothe judiciary being a rare but not wholly uncompromised exception"is essential to the revival of legitimate authority," the implication being that much present authority is not legitimate, and the charge falls on every citizen to do something about the mess by becoming active in reform.A provocative, inspiring look at the underlying cause of our polarization and dysfunction. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.