Frida in America The creative awakening of a great artist

Celia Stahr

Book - 2020

"The riveting story of how three years spent in the United States transformed Frida Kahlo into the artist we know today Mexican artist Frida Kahlo adored adventure. In November, 1930, she was thrilled to realize her dream of traveling to the United States to live in San Francisco, Detroit, and New York. Still, leaving her family and her country for the first time was monumental. Only twenty-three and newly married to the already world-famous forty-three-year-old Diego Rivera, she was at a crossroads in her life and this new place, one filled with magnificent beauty, horrific poverty, racial tension, anti-Semitism, ethnic diversity, bland Midwestern food, and a thriving music scene, pushed Frida in unexpected directions. Shifts in her s...tyle of painting began to appear, cracks in her marriage widened, and tragedy struck, twice while she was living in Detroit. Frida in America is the first in-depth biography of these formative years spent in Gringolandia, a place Frida couldn't always understand. But it's precisely her feelings of being a stranger in a strange land that fueled her creative passions and an even stronger sense of Mexican identity. With vivid detail, Frida in America recreates the pivotal journey that made Senora Rivera the world famous Frida Kahlo"--

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Subjects
Genres
Biographies
Published
New York : St. Martin's Press 2020.
Language
English
Main Author
Celia Stahr (author)
Edition
First edition
Physical Description
xv, 383 pages, 8 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 25 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 337-370) and index.
ISBN
9781250113382
  • Introduction
  • Prologue
  • I. Entering Gringolandia
  • 1. Frida in the Wilderness
  • II. Remembering Mexico
  • 2. Collision, Recovery, and Rebirth: 1925-1927
  • 3. Communism, Marriage, and Mexicanidad: 1928-1930
  • III. San Francisco
  • 4. Rules of Matrimonial Engagement
  • 5. Photogenic Frida
  • 6. Portraiture and New Friendships
  • 7. Luther Burbank's Hybridity
  • IV. Mexico
  • 8. Interlude
  • V. New York
  • 9. Duplicitous New York
  • 10. The Silenced Scream
  • VI. Detroit
  • 11. Independence Day
  • 12. Border Crossings
  • 13. Resurrecting Death
  • 14. The Provocateur
  • VII. New York
  • 15. Emboldened Frida
  • Epilogue
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • Image Credits
  • Index
Review by Choice Review

Stahr (Univ. of San Francisco) assesses the complexity of Frida Kahlo's experiences in the US in the 1930s, when she accompanied her husband, celebrated muralist Diego Rivera, on his tour of San Francisco, New York, and Detroit. Interweaving chapters on that time with flashbacks to her youth in Mexico, this biography relies heavily on Kahlo's extensive correspondence with her family and on the diary of Kahlo's confidante, Swiss-born American muralist and sculptor Lucienne Bloch. In chronicling Kahlo's development as an artist independent of her husband's fame, Stahr foregrounds Kahlo's Mexican identity, nationalist ideals, and socialist convictions as they emerged in her carefully cultivated public persona. Kahlo's adoption of Tehuana costume transformed her into a fashion icon, and she captivated photographers. Stahr's detailed visual analyses interpret Kahlo's surreal imagery and multivalent symbolism. Kahlo was profoundly affected by traumatic setbacks such as miscarriages and marital infidelities, and her highly original self-portraits and portraits addressed these tragedies as well as her cultural border crossings. Kahlo rose from obscurity to fame, and her innovative art captured the attention of the American avant-garde, as evidenced by her first New York exhibition in 1938. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty and professionals; general readers. --Lisandra Estevez, Winston-Salem State University

Copyright American Library Association, used with permission.
Review by Booklist Review

Frida Kahlo traveled outside Mexico for the first time in 1930 at age 23, accompanying her husband, Diego Rivera older by 20 years, famous, unfaithful, and controversial as he completed commissioned works across the U.S. Marked by polio and the severe injuries she suffered in a trolley accident, Kahlo was tough, smart, mischievously irreverent, and disconcertingly candid. She had just started to paint, and her commitment to art and to artful self-presentation as a purposeful embodiment of Mexican cultures intensified during her three years in America as the shadow of the Great Depression spread across the land, and Kahlo contended with emotional and physical traumas among strangers. Stahr establishes the foundation of Kahlo's aesthetics--her extensive reading, work with her photographer father, and fascination with nature's interconnectivity, the Aztec embrace of duality, and alchemy--then elucidates the profound impact her sojourns in San Francisco, Detroit, and New York had on the arc of her creativity. By mining Kahlo's letters and the invaluable diary of her friend, artist Lucienne Bloch, Stahr establishes remarkably precise and incisive contexts for many of Kahlo's most shocking and revolutionary works, while also chronicling her complex relationships, including her involvement with Georgia O'Keeffe. Stahr brings new clarity to Kahlo's life and genius for creating audacious autobiographical tableaux which pose resounding questions about history, justice, gender, spirituality, and freedom.--Donna Seaman Copyright 2020 Booklist

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

Stahr, art professor at University of San Francisco, examines the creative evolution of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo during her time in America in this insightful debut. Coming to the U.S. in 1930 as an inexperienced artist and the much younger bride of renowned muralist Diego Rivera, Kahlo turned personal experiences into artistic statements and "was able to transform the personal into something universal, allowing people the world over... to see and feel themselves in her paintings." Living in San Francisco, Kahlo picked up a new visual language while straddling two cultures, employing indigenous people and alchemical symbols in her portraits. After seeing the "magical" home of botanist and horticulturist Luther Burbank, she added surreal touches to her work. She traveled throughout the U.S., visiting New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art, which influenced her use of color. Georgia O'Keefe, whom Kahlo met in 1931, helped her synthesize complicated feelings into visceral images. A devastating miscarriage in 1932 while in Detroit led her to insert third eyes in paintings, drawing on her raw physical and emotional pain--and garnering international recognition two years before she returned to Mexico City. Featuring meticulous research and elegant turns of phrase, Stahr's engrossing account provides scholarly though accessible analysis for both feminists and art lovers. (Mar.)

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Review by Library Journal Review

This first book from Stahr (art history, Univ. of San Francisco) highlights Frida Kahlo's budding artistic years with husband Diego Rivera during their visit to San Francisco, New York, and Detroit from 1930 to 1933. The author heavily mined primary sources, such as Kahlo's letters to her mother and Kahlo/Rivera contemporary Lucienne Bloch's unpublished diary, yet cites frequently from Hayden Herrera's popular biography, Frida. The colloquial tone and frequent short quotes create a clipped exposition despite its otherwise easy-to-read prose. Sometimes plodding personal interpretation of Kahlo's work and heritage detract from "the story of place" Stahr sets out to tell. The author discusses Pan-American sociopolitical issues in the context of the couple's art, an objective of the book, but also takes twisty, tangential routes losing momentum with distracting minutiae. There are endnotes but no bibliography or index for scholarly follow-up. VERDICT For Kahlo fans, not scholars. Devotees may wrestle with the author's in-depth analysis while appreciating its informal voice. Though there are some updated facts provided since Herrera's biography, the latter is more scholarly and better organized. Readers here can expect a more casual if not meandering narrative of Kahlo's own adventurous sojourn to "Gringolandia" and back.--Marianne Laino Sade, Washington Coll., Chestertown, MD

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Review by Kirkus Book Review

An art historian parses the famed artist's complicated psychological and emotional states while in America as a young wife and emerging artist in the early 1930s.Stahr (Modern American and Contemporary Art/Univ. of San Francisco) captures Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) in all her ambiguity at age 23, when she embarked on her first American tour with her new husband, famous muralist Diego Rivera. As the author shows, she moved into this uneasy public role while also passionately pursuing her own difficult work. Diminutive in stature and unwell due to an early bout of polio and a terrible car accident in her late teens, Kahlo, like Rivera, was deeply devoted to her Mexican identity as well as socialist ideals. These beliefs would both alienate their American patrons, as in Rivera's case, and attract the avant-garde, as in Kahlo's case in New York, where she had her first solo show in 1938. In 1930, visiting San Francisco for the first time, as Rivera painted his commission for the California School of Fine Arts, and then through their stints in Detroit and New York over the next three years, Kahlo devoured the strange sights and used her experiences to inspire her art. She made friends with women artists especiallye.g., Dorothea Lange, Lucienne Bloch, and Georgia O'Keeffeexperimented with her Indigenous (now iconic) wardrobe as she became a darling subject of photographers, grew embittered by her husband's serial infidelities, and had a devastating miscarriage. All of this served as fuel for her early groundbreaking portraits and self-portraits, which were full of symbolism and blood and gore. Stahr sees the emergent artist's powers explode in My Birth, an unsettling painting from 1932 that addressed Kahlo's miscarriage, the recent death of her mother, and her own self-creation. The author's deep study of Kahlo's symbolic layering is highly informative, though some of the detail may be overwhelming for readers not versed in art history.The first major biography since Hayden Herrera's 1983 work presents the artist in all her ferocious complexity. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.