Mamaskatch A Cree coming of age

Darrel J. McLeod

Book - 2019

"As a small boy in remote Alberta, Darrel J. McLeod is immersed in his Cree family's history, passed down in the stories of his mother, Bertha. But after a series of tragic losses, Bertha turns wild and unstable, and their home life becomes chaotic. Meanwhile, he begins to question and grapple with his sexual identity--a reckoning complicated by the repercussions of his abuse and his sibling's own gender transition. Thrillingly written in a series of fractured vignettes, and unflinchingly honest, Mamaskatch--"It's a wonder!" in Cree--is a heartbreaking account of how traumas are passed down from one generation to the next, and an uplifting story of one individual who broke the cycle in pursuit of a fulfilling a...nd adventurous life"--

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BIOGRAPHY/McLeod, Darrel J.
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Subjects
Genres
Autobiographies
Biographies
Published
Minneapolis, Minnesota : Milkweed Editions 2019.
Language
English
Main Author
Darrel J. McLeod (author)
Edition
First US edition
Item Description
Originally published in Canada by Douglas & McIntyre, 2018.
Physical Description
228 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm
ISBN
9781571313874
  • Spirals
  • Hail Mary, Full of Grace
  • Macimanitowi: Devils
  • One Little Indian Boy
  • Be Careful Little Eyes
  • Madonna of the Athabasca
  • Flying around the Maypole
  • Prince Charming
  • Long as I Can See the Light
  • Indian Princesses
  • Eddies of the Makhabn
  • Pîhpîkisîs: The Sparrow Hawk
  • The Eviction
  • Code 99
  • L'Échappatoire IF
  • Mistikosow: The Frenchman
  • Beyond the Athabasca
  • Acknowledgments
Review by Booklist Review

Manifest destiny (the ""Westward ho!"" mentality) laid waste the lives of First Nations people, decimating their culture by killing off bison, bringing pestilence, and sending their children to missionary schools. McLeod's story is a close-up of the continuing effects of manifest destiny. McLeod's mother and aunts were just a few of the many who were rounded up to learn the ways and religion of the white man. Rampant abuse in these schools is well documented, and McLeod's mother was preyed upon by a priest. As an adult, she settled down and raised a family. While he grew up poor in Alberta, Canada, McLeod knew he was loved, but after his father died, his mother took up with different men and started drinking and disappearing. The downward spiral shattered the family, and McLeod had nowhere to turn when he was sexually abused by a brother-in-law. This abuse created further turmoil for a young man who felt increasingly attracted to men. The tug between following Christianity and Native ways increased his struggle. Readers will appreciate McLeod's hard-won peace.--Joan Curbow Copyright 2010 Booklist

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Library Journal Review

In his first book, McLeod writes about life with a fractured family and surviving a tumultuous childhood. The memoir begins with the story of McLeod's mother, Bertha, who, along with several female relatives, was sent to a Catholic residential school from which they eventually escaped. Bertha raised her children Catholic alongside a strong respect for Cree traditions. As a result of Bertha's alcoholism, McLeod spent time living with an extended family, ultimately returning home to his mother. The author struggles to keep up with schoolwork while caring for younger siblings and suffering abuse, physical and sexual, from his brother-in-law. This is not your ordinary coming-of-age story; it's a multilayered account of a boy growing into manhood questioning his own gender identity while also confronting racism and bullying. VERDICT This poignant memoir presents a story about growing up surrounded by difficulties and also a window into the world of the Cree.-Jacqueline Parascandola, Univ. of Pennsylvania © Copyright 2019. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

(c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Review by Kirkus Book Review

In his debut, the winner of the 2018 Governor General's Literary Award for Nonfiction, McLeod recounts his childhood and coming-of-age in Treaty Eight Cree territory in Northern Alberta.Told predominantly in English, with a smattering of French and infused with important moments of untranslated Cree language, the fragmented and seemingly dissonant episodic chapters contain elements that are present in many Native/First Nations memoirs: alcohol, drugs, domestic violence, abuse, racism, religious intolerance, and poverty. However, these details don't exist to pleasure the white gaze or to satisfy any savior complex. These aspects, delineated in the segmented narratives, reflect candid truths and the brokenness that occurs in a life surrounded by settler colonialism and fueled by historical trauma. They also serve as an acknowledgment, which is the first step to healing. Whether retelling his mother's stories, such as her escape from residential school, or recounting the grooming and abuse he experienced from his brother-in-law, his search for intimacy, or his desire for reconnection to Cree tradition, the author ably conveys all of the devastating guilt, shame, remorse, and emptiness that he has experienced. Still, it's clear that McLeod isn't "looking for pity." As the title of the opening chapter, "Spirals," suggestsand just as his mother did in her own "magical way"the author shares his stories in a spiral, revisiting "each theme several times over, providing a bit more information with each pass," until it "wash[es] away the heaviness." Readers able to "just sit back and listen without interrupting" (a lesson young Darrel learned from hearing his mother's stories) will share in the secret knowledge that coming-of-age has little to do with losing one's innocence and everything to do with maintaining one's hope.Lyrically written and linked by family, compassion, forgiveness, and hope, Mamaskatch sings out as a modern-day celebration of healing. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Spirals I am suspended in purgatory--that no man's land between full sleep and wakefulness--when I hear her voice: "Darrel! I need to talk to you. Come down now. Puh-leeze..." One o'clock in the morning on a Monday, a school day ahead. All of the records have played through and my mother, Bertha Dora, has turned on the transistor radio in the kitchen. My nostrils twitch from the fumes of a freshly lit cigarette, and the smell of stale beer hangs in the air. Great. Provincial exams today. I catch snippets of the radio announcement: Janis Joplin heroin overdose. A driving rhythm on the bass guitar contrasts with Janis's shrill and throaty voice as she exhorts someone she loves to rip out another piece of her heart. "Come 'n turn the records over, Son," Mother yells. "I love this woman's voice, but they're sayin' she died." I know what will happen next if I don't go. She will pound the broom handle on the first of the twelve stairs up to our bedroom, causing another restless night for my little sisters and brother. But I wait a few minutes more, hoping she will pass out or get distracted, and I pray the kids will sleep through it. They hate listening to me when I'm trying to get them ready for school: Gaylene and Holly, brush your hair. Travis, brush your teeth and put on your good clothes; you can't wear those raggedy jeans and old runners to school. Gaylene, put the Cream of Wheat on, and besure to stir it this time. It's even worse when they're tired too. Then the agonizing starts. Oh my God, oh my God--I was wrong to talk Mother into bringing them out of the foster home. They were better off there, with the Milots. Three years we were apart: 1967 to 1970. But now it's too late--we can't send them back, and they've already seen so much. Gaylene and Holly cried every night of their first two weeks here, scared by the drunkenness and loud voices of partying strangers. They don't know it was because of me Mother got them back, that I hounded and nagged her to take me for a visit, to go to court so they could live with us here in Athabasca. Well, it worked, and now here we all are in this shack behind the pool hall. "Darrel! Come here. Please, Son. I need to talk to you." Damn, she isn't giving up. Her voice, which is usually a lilting alto, squeaks when she tries to force volume. I think of Tituba from The Crucible , which we studied recently in my Grade Nine drama class. Yes... this is like a play--think of it as a play--a cyclical drama with the scenes taking place in our living room or kitchen, with new characters every weekend. Last week it was Eddie Mullins--Mother called him Dad, then launched into a long explanation after seeing the puzzled looks on our faces. The props are altered in each scene, along with the costumes. Like that buckskin jacket that I love. Fantastic plots and intrigues--like last night at eight o'clock, Uncle Andy on all fours thinking he was an astronaut crawling on the moon after a successfulApollo mission. The play even has special effects: overwhelming new odours, a blue haze, the darkness of a power failure, the occasional flash of lightning and cats shrieking nearby. Mother's cigarette smoke is getting to me. Her hoarse voice wails in unison with Janis Joplin's, pleading earnestly with the Lord to buy her a Mercedes Benz. I doubt if Mother has even seen a Mercedes or a Porsche--I know I haven't. Somehow it doesn't matter. She loves this song and tries to outsing Janis. Mother's rasp is almost as dramatic, but she can't get the volume. Will she turn off the radio, get out the guitar and try it on her own? I sneeze, pull off the covers, roll out of bed and pull up my loose underwear. Grab a shirt, a pair of pants and socks to protect against the cold floor. My round thirteen-year-old face in the scratched hallway mirror--thick black hair sticking out every which way and faint purple bags under my eyes. I spit into my hands, slick my hair down and rub my eyes with closed fists. Where will her stories and songs take us tonight, and how many hours will pass before I can go back to bed? I trudge downstairs, turn off the radio and flip the records. Johnny Horton comes on first. "Whispering Pines." Oh boy, that'll make her cry, but I don't dare change it. I take my place in thekitchen chair opposite her. Mother lights yet another Rothmans tailor-made cigarette and sets it down in the clear glass ashtray. The bright red spark gradually burns up the tobacco to make a long grey ash that holds together until she picks it up. Then she starts. "That priest, Father Jal, came to see us a couple of months after your dad died, you know, just after you were born. It was a Saturday evening and you kids were asleep. We were staying with your great-grandfather, Mosom Powder, in his trapping cabin near Spurfield. There was nowhere else to go. No widow's pension in those days, Son. One afternoon, there was a knock on the door. I opened it, and there he stood. He was in Spurfield to cel'brate mass the next day and said he wanted to see if we were okay. I was so impressed that he would come to console us, to pray for me, and for you--the new baby. I asked him to come in. He smiled and asked how we were doing, but before I could answer he stepped in closer. I thought he was going to pray--put his hands on your forehead or on mine. But a strange look came over him, and he turned toward me, put his back to you. I thought he was raising his arm to make the sign of the cross--to bless us and the cabin, but instead, he opened his hand wide, and he fondled my breast. With the other hand he started feeling me up." Jesus! I took catechism with Father Jal! I gasp at the image of the short and balding priest touching her like that with his pudgy hands. I clench my teeth. I breathe deeply to calm myself--afraid to get emotional. My eyes meet Mother's for a second, but neither of us can handle the intensity of what we see. I wonder if the other priests I have known would have done the same--I only admire one of them, Father Fornier. After hearing this story, I understand why Mother cried the day I told her I wanted to be a priest when I grew up. We go quiet for a few minutes and stare at the kitchen floor. That night she tells me again about going to a residential school run by the Catholic Church at Grouard. About being taken from her mother when she was only six years old, having to sleep in a dorm with thirty-nine other little girls. She tells me about being forced to learn English along with her sisters. Then how her sisters Margaret and Agnes, her auntie Helen and several other aunties who were teenagers at the time escaped. Merle Haggard warbles the last line of "The Fightin' Side of Me." The next record falls from the stack. The needle sets itself down and there is static. Elvis's voice launches into "There Goes My Everything." Oh no, Mother sings that song almost every time she gets out her guitar. Will she go on again, telling me how it makes her think about Daddy dying, or my sister Debbie getting married at age fifteen? The pattern of my mother's stories is different from the ones I hear at school. The timelines are never linear. Instead, they are like spirals. She starts with one element of a story, moves to another and skips to yet a different part. She revisits each theme several times over, providing a bit more information with each pass. At first I find it hard to follow, but I've learned that if I just sit back and listen without interrupting, she will cover everything and make each story complete. "Auntie Margaret and I grew up on the trapline. We moved around every season and camped in large canvas tents to be closer to the animals and birds. In the evening, we sat around the fire, Auntie Margaret across from me, sometimes cutting sheets of moose meat to make kakiwak --dried meat--other times scraping moose or beaver hides for tanning. I always sat right beside Mother, your Cucuum Adele. Oh, she used to get so upset when I had to go pee. It was a big deal. She had to walk in the bush with me till we found a fallen tree that I could sit on and hang my behind over." I smile inside at the notion of my strong mother with her man-hands being a dainty little girl. The detail in her stories and theintensity of her look as she tells them holds my attention, but the way she speaks as if it all took place yesterday or the day before troubles me. We both know that it happened years ago, and that it's part of our family history that will soon be forgotten. "Auntie Margaret had her first baby, Chiq-iq, there on the trapline, you know. I loved that baby. There were no soothers then, so she would suck on my bottom lip between feedings--fall asleep that way. "The birds are messengers, Son. Sometimes they told me things that would happen in our family. Âhâsiw, mikisiw, ôhô and wiskipôs --crow, eagle, owl and whisky jack. They'll help you--guide you through life. Watch them, talk to them." She chuckles nervously and watches for my reaction. I laugh too. Her bloodshot brown eyes are an exact replica of my own. In these moments she is so sincere, so real. I love that she thinks she can communicate with birds. Will I ever have that gift myself? "I learned to be tough, Son. My brothers were rough, and I had to learn to defend myself or get beaten up play-fighting. I learned to whip the boys and come out on top." Then she remembers something else, and she tells the next story while moving her hands as if she were now the play's director. With the mention of each character she raises her hand and points to where they are in the scene that's so vivid in her mind. "Auntie Helen was sitting there. My mother, Cucuum Adele, was over there, and your dad was sitting over that way. Your dad and I played guitar and harmonized for your cucuum . People invited us to sing at parties all around Slave Lake, Spurfield and Smith. Sometimes the neighbours let us take their Model T. Your dad made me drive, because he was drinkin'. I didn't drink then. I started after your dad, Cucuum Adele and my brother Louis died, even though that ain't no excuse." I block the wave of emotion that comes over me about Daddy's death, about Granny and Uncle's deaths. I lost the three of them before I even had them. How could I fathom that scale of loss--that I would never be kissed by my father; that Cucuum would never sing to me in Cree, never rock me or tickle my belly with her vibrating lips; that Uncle Louis would never teach me to snare rabbits or hunt. The effort to suppress my feelings leaves me with a pulsating headache. I lean back as far as I can, cross my arms and stretch my legs out in front of me. Mother stares at me. I wonder what she sees, and in my weakened state I wonder if she can read my mind, if she knows that I too have a dark story to tell. Mother continues on, and every half hour or so I pull myself upright. I feel guilty about my dreariness and impatience. It is in these nocturnal sessions that I learn about our family history. Dead family members come to life and find their place in my heart. The seasonal dwelling sites and hunting areas she describes so clearly take shape in my head. After a few hours she starts to slur her words and nod off. I take advantage of her sleepiness to put a few LPs that I like on the metal peg of the turntable--Creedence Clearwater Revival, Roy Orbison and Elvis Presley--turning the volume down at the same time, but I don't get away with it. She shakes her head and sits up straight. "Play Johnny Horton again. Or put on Johnny Cash. Merle Haggard. Please, Son. I need to hear country. Turn it up, can't hear it."Her tone is gentle, but it's a demand, not a request. The Johnny Cash album slides down the peg first; the arm moves over to the edge of the 33⅓ album and sets itself down. Call him drunken Ira Hayes, he won't answer any more... "Yes, that song, Son. I love that song." Not the whisky drinking Indian, nor the marine that went to war. I finally get to bed around four in the morning. I roll onto my side and rest my head in the crook of my elbow, careful not to awaken my little brother. Sometimes after these sessions I can fall asleep, but other times I lie there thinking about what Mother has told me. Why does she pick me to tell her stories to, and why does she only tell them when she's drinking? She knows I have school in the morning and that I never miss a day--she must think what she's recounting is important. Doesshe want me to repeat her stories to others, my sisters and brothers, her grandchildren--someday, somewhere? I know I could never share stories the magical way she does. The structure of our language, Cree, is hard-wired in her brain, and English is still a challenge for her. She sees the world differently from the way they teach us in school. Rocks are alive--she calls them our grandfathers. The markers for I and you are attached as extra syllables to the verb forms. The second-person pronoun is always more important, so it comes first, whether it's the subject or the object. Unlike in English, I love you and you love me both start with the marker ki , for you . The third person is split into two parts; this distinguishes important characters in a conversation from secondary ones. The gendered pronouns he and she don't exist in Cree. Mother has told me this more than once, laughing at herself for getting the two mixed up. Is that why my older brother, Greg, and my uncle Danny could play at dressing up as girls so often without Mother getting upset? Is that why my uncles aren't as hairy as the Métis or white guys around? What about me? Will I be a regular Cree guy, like most of my uncles, or more like Danny and Greg, who grew up mimicking Mother, my sister Debbie and our aunties? If I spoke Cree, would I see the world the way Mother does and have the answers to these questions? Would I be less afraid? *** As I toss in bed, it occurs to me that Mother is preparing me for a life that terrifies her--a world that is foreign and hostile. She wants to warn me about the Catholic church, about the priests and the nuns, and to remind me that we have other ways of being spiritual. We have our ancestors, medicine men, ceremonies and sacred herbs. She wants me to know that for help and guidance, they are the ones to call upon. Them and the birds. Âhâsiw, mikisiw, ôhô and wiskipôs . Excerpted from Mamaskatch: A Cree Coming of Age by Darrel McLeod All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.