Switched on A memoir of brain change and emotional awakening

John Elder Robison

Book - 2016

"When John Elder Robison published Look Me in the Eye, his darkly funny bestselling memoir about growing up with Asperger's Syndrome, he was launched into international prominence as an autism expert. But in spite of his success, he still struggled to decode the secret language of social interactions, and often felt like a misfit who understood car engines better than people. So when a group of Harvard neuroscientists told John about TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), an experimental brain therapy that promised to remediate the disabilities of autism and unlock his emotional intelligence, he jumped at the chance to join their study. Switched On recounts the adventure that followed, as John became a guinea pig to the world�...39;s top brain researchers in an effort to understand the social and emotional deficits that lie at the heart of autism, with electrifying results. As Robison describes his transformation: "For the first time in my life, I learned what it was like to truly 'know' other people's feelings. It was as if I'd been experiencing the world in black and white all my life, and suddenly I could see everything--and particularly other people--in brilliant beautiful color.""--

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Subjects
Published
New York : Spiegel & Grau [2016]
Language
English
Main Author
John Elder Robison (author)
Other Authors
Alvaro Pascual-Leone (writer of foreword)
Edition
First edition
Physical Description
xxii, 296 pages ; 25 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages [283]-289).
ISBN
9780812996890
  • Author's Note
  • Foreword
  • Prologue
  • An Electrifying Proposal
  • The Value of Detachment, Circa 1978
  • Medical Magnets
  • Why Change?
  • Horsepower
  • Informed Consent
  • The History of Brain Stimulation
  • Mapping My Brain
  • The Night the Music Came Alive
  • Emotion
  • Singing for Ambulances
  • A Family Affair
  • Seeing into People
  • Hallucinations and Reality
  • Awakening
  • Science Fiction Becomes Real
  • The Zero-Sum Game
  • The Shimmer of Music
  • Aftermath
  • Nature's Engineers
  • Speech
  • A More Subtle Result
  • Different Kinds of Success
  • Rewriting History
  • Fear
  • A New Beginning
  • Tuning Out the Static
  • Mind Readers
  • A Death in the Family
  • Back in the Groove
  • Postscript: The Future
  • Afterword
  • Findings and Further Reading
  • Acknowledgments
Review by Booklist Review

Robison, who shared his late-life diagnosis and life as an Asperger's patient in Look Me in the Eye (2007), continues with his experiences as a volunteer in a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment. Like most Asperger's patients, he struggles to move beyond the literal in conversation and read emotional nuances in social interactions. In the TMS experiment, researchers attempt to rewire the brain by pinpoint electrical shocks to carefully selected locations in the hope of stimulating those abilities. Robison's reactions are eye-opening, if temporary. The music-technician-turned-car-mechanic is suddenly able to detect emotion within the music. Reading brings him to tears. His wife's depression becomes overwhelming to him. His carefully controlled world is suddenly rocked, and he finds himself reexamining his life and relationships. Robison has an uncanny ability to describe his thoughts and feelings and is painfully honest about the pluses and minuses of the experience. Fascinating for its insights into Asperger's and research, this engrossing record will make readers reexamine their preconceptions about this syndrome and the future of brain manipulation.--Smith, Candace Copyright 2016 Booklist

From Booklist, Copyright (c) American Library Association. Used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

Robison's second memoir is honest, scientific, personal, and full of rock and roll. It follows his life after the years recounted in his 2007 memoir, Look Me in the Eyes, and reads in many ways like a coming-of-age novel. After Robison was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, he participated in an experimental transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study, which changed his life. Robison reflects on what he learned while delving into the science behind autism treatment and celebrating the people who were with him through truly difficult moments along a path of self-discovery. He emphasizes that the TMS treatment is new and experimental, and though his experiences are mostly positive and the treatment has real potential, not everyone who undergoes it responds the same way. Robison's memoir contains as much vulnerability and honesty as it does discussions of neuroscience and autism. (Mar.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.


Review by Kirkus Book Review

The bestselling author shares his experience as a participant in a cutting-edge study of the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the brains of people on the autism spectrum. A team of Harvard neuroscientists hoped that stimulating the outer layer of the brain might induce it to rewire itself and increase its emotional IQ. Robison (Raising Cubby: A Father and Son's Adventures with Asperger's, Trains, Tractors, and High Explosives, 2013, etc.) explains that those on the autism spectrum are not unemotional or uncaring but rather lack self-awareness and the ability to read and respond empathetically to the emotions of others. They miss cues such as tone of voice and facial expression. Because of this, their responses may be inappropriate. Robison relates how, despite his success in a number of fields, he was frustrated by his social disability, which hampered his social relationships. In his youth, he engineered sound and lighting systems for leading rock groups, and he went on to a corporate job designing electronic games. Currently, he owns a business restoring high-end automobiles. In the past decade, the author has also gained recognition as a writer and consultant on autism. For six months, Robison received TMS on a weekly basis. Before and after, he was tested at the lab and also discussed his experience of the treatment with the scientists. He had always loved music but in an abstract way; now, when listening, he felt intense emotions. The author writes movingly of how his response to other people developed a depth previously lacking, and his own responses became more expressive. Within this new mindset, his wife's chronic depression induced a painfully depressed feeling in him, and for the first time, he recognized subtle mockery from someone he thought to be a friend. Although his emotions flattened out somewhat after the sessions ended, he has experienced a lasting emotional sensitivity. He is optimistic about the direction of the research. A fascinating companion to the previous memoirs by this masterful storyteller. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

The Right Sort   1979   Whatever Mum's saying's drowned out by the grimy roar of the bus pulling away, revealing a pub called The Fox and Hounds. The sign shows three beagles cornering a fox. They're about to pounce and rip it apart. A street sign underneath says westwood road.Lords and ladies are supposed to be rich, so I was expecting swimming pools and Lamborghinis, but Westwood Road looks pretty normal to me. Normal brick houses, detached or semi­detached, with little front gardens and normal cars. The damp sky's the color ofold hankies. Seven magpies fly by. Seven's good. Mum's face is inches away from mine, though I'm not sure if that's an angry face or a worried one. "Nathan? Are you even listening?" Mum's wearing make-­up today. That shade of lipstick's called Morning Lilac but it smells more like Pritt Stick than lilacs.Mum's face hasn't gone away, so I say, "What?"   "It's 'Pardon' or 'Excuse me.' Not 'What?' "   "Okay," I say, which often does the trick.   Not today. "Did you hear what I told you?"   " 'It's "Pardon" or "Excuse me." Not "What?" ' "   "Before that! I said, if anyone at Lady Grayer's asks how we came here, you're to tell them we arrived by taxi."   "I thought lying was wrong."   "There's lying," says Mum, fishing out the envelope she wrote the directions on from her handbag, "which is wrong, and there's creating the right impression, which is necessary. If your father paid what he's supposed to pay, we really would have arrivedby taxi. Now . . ." Mum squints at her writing. "Slade Alley leads off Westwood Road, about halfway down . . ." She checks her watch. "Right, it's ten to three, and we're due at three. Chop-chop. Don't dawdle." Off Mum walks.   I follow, not stepping on any of the cracks. Sometimes I have to guess where the cracks are because the pavement's mushy with fallen leaves. At one point I had to step out of the way of a man with huge fists jogging by in a black and orange tracksuit.Wolverhampton Wanderers play in black and orange. Shining berries hang from a mountain ash. I'd like to count them, but the clip-­clop-­clip-­clop of Mum's heels pulls me on. She bought the shoes at John Lewis's sale with the last of the money the Royal College of Music paid her, even though British Telecom sent a final reminder to pay the telephone bill. She's wearing her dark blue concert outfit and her hair up with the silverfox-­head hairpin. Her dad brought it back from Hong Kong after World War Two. When Mum's teaching a student and I have to make myself scarce, I sometimes go to Mum's dressing table and get the fox out. He's got jade eyes and on some days he smiles, on othershe doesn't. I don't feel well knitted today, but the Valium should kick in soon. Valium's great. I took two pills. I'll have to miss a few next week so Mum won't notice her supply's going down. My tweed jacket's scratchy. Mum got it from Oxfam specially for today, and the bow ­tie's from Oxfam, too. Mum volunteers there on Mondays so she can get the best of the stuffpeople bring in on Saturdays. If Gaz Ingram or anyone in his gang sees me in this bow tie, I'll find a poo in my locker, guaranteed. Mum says I have to learn how to Blend In more, but there aren't any classes for Blending In, not even on the town library noticeboard. There's a Dungeons & Dragons club advertised there, and I always want to go, but Mum says I can't because Dungeons & Dragons is playing with dark forces. Through one front window I see horse racing. That's Grandstand on BBC1. The next three windows havenet curtains, but then I see a TV with wrestling on it. That's Giant Haystacks the hairy baddie fighting Big Daddy the bald goodie on ITV. Eight houses later I see Godzilla on BBC2. He knocks down a pylon just by blundering into it and a Japanese fireman witha sweaty face is shouting into a radio. Now Godzilla's picked up a train, which makes no sense because amphibians don't have thumbs. Maybe Godzilla's thumb's like a panda's so-­called thumb, which is really an evolved claw. Maybe--­   "Nathan!" Mum's got my wrist. "What did I say about dawdling?"   I check back. " 'Chop-­chop!'; 'Don't dawdle.' "   "So what are you doing now?"   "Thinking about Godzilla's thumbs."   Mum shuts her eyes. "Lady Grayer has invited me--­us--­to a musical gathering. A soirée. There'll be people who care about music there. People from the Arts Council, people who award jobs, grants." Mum's eyes have tiny red veins like rivers photographed from very high up. "I'd rather you were at home playing with your Battle of the Boers landscape too, but Lady Grayer insisted you comealong, so . . . you have to act normal. Can you do that? Please? Think of the most normal boy in your class, and do what he'd do."   Acting Normal's like Blending In. "I'll try. But it's not the Battle of the Boers, it's the Boer War. Your ring's digging into my wrist."   Mum lets go of my wrist. That's better.   I don't know what her face is saying.   * * *   Slade Alley's the narrowest alley I've ever seen. It slices between two houses, then vanishes left after thirty paces or so. I can imagine a tramp living there in a cardboard box, but not a lord and lady.   "No doubt there'll be a proper entrance on the far side," says Mum. "Slade House is only the Grayers' town residence. Their proper home's in Cambridgeshire."   If I had 50p for every time Mum's told me that, I'd now have £3.50. It's cold and clammy in the alley like White Scar Cave in the Yorkshire Dales. Dad took me when I was ten. I find a dead cat lying on the ground at the first corner. It's gray like duston the moon. I know it's dead because it's as still as a dropped bag, and because big flies are drinking from its eyes. How did it die? There's no bullet wound or fang marks, though its head's at a slumped angle so maybe it was strangled by a cat-­strangler.It goes straight into the Top Five of the Most Beautiful Things I've Ever Seen. Maybe there's a tribe in Papua New Guinea who think the droning of flies is music. Maybe I'd fit in with them. "Come along, Nathan." Mum's tugging my sleeve.   I ask, "Shouldn't it have a funeral? Like Gran did?"   "No. Cats aren't human beings. Come along."   "Shouldn't we tell its owner it won't be coming home?"   "How? Pick it up and go along Westwood Road knocking on all the doors saying, 'Excuse me, is this your cat?' "   Mum sometimes has good ideas. "It'd take a bit of time, but--­"   "Forget it, Nathan--­we're due at Lady Grayer's right now."   "But if we don't bury it, crows'll peck out its eyes."   "We don't have a spade or a garden round here."   "Lady Grayer should have a spade and a garden."   Mum closes her eyes again. Maybe she's got a headache. "This conversation is over." She pulls me away and we go down the middle section of Slade Alley. It's about five houses long, I'd guess, but hemmed in by brick walls so high you can't see anything.Just sky. "Keep your eyes peeled for a small black iron door," says Mum, "set into the right-­hand wall." But we walk all the way to the next corner, and it's ninety-­six paces exactly, and thistles and dandelions grow out of cracks, but there's no door. Afterthe right turn we go another twenty paces until we're out on the street parallel to Westwood Road. A sign says cranbury avenue. Parked opposite's a St. John's ambulance. Someone's written clean me in the dirt above the back wheel. The driver's got a broken nose and he's speaking into a radio. A mod drives past on a scooter like off Quadro­phenia, riding without a helmet. "Riding without a helmet's against the law," I say.   "Makes no sense," says Mum, staring at the envelope.   "Unless you're a Sikh with a turban. Then the police'll--­"   " 'A small black iron door': I mean . . . how did we miss it?"   I know. For me, Valium's like Asterix's magic potion, but it makes Mum dopey. She called me Frank yesterday--­Dad's name--­and didn't notice. She gets two prescriptions for Valium from two doctors because one's not enough, but--­   --­a dog barks just inches away and I've shouted and jumped back in panic and peed myself a bit, but it's okay, it's okay, there's a fence, and it's only a small yappy dog, it's not a bull mastiff, it's not that bull mastiff, and it was only a bit of pee.Still, my heart's hammering like mad and I feel like I might puke. Mum's gone out into Cranbury Avenue to look for big gates to a big house, and hasn't even noticed the yappy dog. A bald man in overalls walks up, carrying a bucket and a pair of stepladdersover his shoulder. He's whistling "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing (in Perfect Harmony)."   Mum cuts in. "Excuse me, do you know Slade House?"   The whistling and the man stop. "Do I know What House?"   "Slade House. It's Lady Norah Grayer's residence." Excerpted from Switched On by John Elder Robison All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.