Who freed the slaves? The fight over the Thirteenth Amendment

Leonard L. Richards

Book - 2015

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Subjects
Published
Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press [2015]
Language
English
Main Author
Leonard L. Richards (author)
Physical Description
x, 306 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 269-295) and index.
ISBN
9780226178202
  • Acknowledgments
  • Prologue: Wednesday, June 15, 1864
  • Chapter 1. The Old Order and Its Defenders
  • Chapter 2. Lincoln and Emancipation
  • Chapter 3. To a White and Black Man's War
  • Chapter 4. The Odd Couple
  • Chapter 5. Hostility of the Northern Democracy
  • Chapter 6. The Lame Ducks of 1864
  • Chapter 7. The Enforcement Clause and Its Enemies
  • Epilogue: Emancipation Day, 1893
  • Appendix A. Significant Events Leading to the Thirteenth Amendment
  • Appendix B. A Historiographical Note
  • Notes
  • Index
Review by Choice Review

Richards (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst), author of influential accounts of anti-abolitionist mobs and slave power nationally, such as The Slave Power (CH, May'01, 38-5182), narrates the forgotten story of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery. He explains how this Congressional initiative, which failed by 93 to 65 votes on June 15, 1864, subsequently passed by 119 to 56 votes on January 31, 1865. Chapters 4 through 7 (the book's kernel) explicate how tenacious warriors who cherished the Union, opposed slavery, and despised the Confederacy gradually beat down pugnacious adversaries from the border states, northern Democracy, and Lincoln's cabinet. Congressman James M. Ashley from Toledo, Ohio, is the unsung hero. His importance was recognized first by the Nashville chapter of the Afro-American League during the 1890s (epilogue.) The Thirteenth Amendment transformed the law of the nation and ended the political and legal power of slaveholders nationally. In crisp prose and through selective research in federal, state, and legal records, Richards showcases this important constitutional development while challenging both the nationalist myth of the Great Emancipator as well as the anti-racist credentials of anti-slavery proponents. The book should meet students' intellectual curiosity, hopefully piqued by Steven Spielberg's movie Lincoln. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All academic levels/libraries. --Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie, Howard University

Copyright American Library Association, used with permission.
Review by Publisher's Weekly Review

Though it's commonly assumed that American slaves were liberated by Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1863, Richards (The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War) argues throughout this dense, well-researched narrative that the process was much longer and more complex, and its eventual outcome, the Thirteenth Amendment, was far from a foregone conclusion. Richards emphasizes the central role played by Ohio Congressman James Ashley, better known for his attempts to impeach President Andrew Johnson, in securing the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. Richards is also quick to admit that many of the promises of freedom were left unfulfilled for former slaves and their descendants. The book's length and its level of detail may discourage casual readers, and Richards's prose style is in numerous instances overly colloquial. Moreover, the book's many illustrations, primarily photographs and political cartoons, are not integrated into the text, so their significance and context is unclear. Nevertheless, Richards shows that even though black Americans of the time would not "experience freedom in its fullest," the efforts of Ashley, Lincoln, and other politicians ensured that "the old assumption that every black person in America was a slave or a runaway was now history." (Mar.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.

(c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
Review by Library Journal Review

Historian Richards (The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War) takes the reader behind the scenes of Washington politics to show how radical Republicans led by Ohio abolitionist and congressman James Ashley pushed for a constitutional amendment to end slavery outright. With telling detail on the dynamics and personalities making policy, he shifts the focus from Abraham Lincoln to Congress, African American soldiers, and state and local leaders who wrestled with various proposals to move against slavery, recruit African Americans into the army, consider civil rights, and remake America-or resist all such efforts. In Richards's rendering, Lincoln is less the author than the sometimes reluctant agent of emancipation, and the radicals are the tireless and resourceful heroes willing to make deals to get their way. VERDICT For those who saw the movie Lincoln, this book provides the substance of the real drama that played out over several years, culminating in the 13th Amendment, which ended legal slavery in the United States. It also provides a perceptive explanation as to how and why the promise of the 13th Amendment as an instrument for civil rights never came to fruition. In doing so, it reminds us that freedom is not a given; principled, pragmatic, and persistent advocates must work to realize and secure it.-Randall M. Miller, St. -Joseph's Univ., Philadelphia © Copyright 2015. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

(c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.