Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Joseph Leo Mankiewicz (; February 11, 1909 – February 5, 1993) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. A four-time Academy Award winner, he is best known for his witty and literate dialogue and his preference for voice-over narration and narrative flashbacks. Also known as an actor's director, Mankiewicz directed several prominent actors, including Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart and Elizabeth Taylor, to several of their memorable onscreen performances.

Born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Mankiewicz studied at Columbia University and graduated in 1928. He moved overseas to Europe, where he worked as a foreign correspondent for the ''Chicago Tribune'' and translated German intertitles into English for UFA. On the advice of his screenwriter brother Herman, Mankiewicz moved back to the United States, and was hired by Paramount Pictures as a dialogue writer. He then became a screenwriter, writing for numerous films starring Jack Oakie. He next moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) where he served as a producer for several films, including ''The Philadelphia Story'' (1940) and ''Woman of the Year'' (1942). Mankiewicz left MGM after a dispute with Louis B. Mayer.

In 1944, Mankiewicz began working for Twentieth Century-Fox, where he produced ''The Keys of the Kingdom'' (1944). He made his directorial debut with ''Dragonwyck'' (1946) after Ernst Lubitsch had dropped out due to illness. Mankiewicz remained at Twentieth Century-Fox, directing a broad range of genre films. Consecutively, in 1950 and 1951, he won two Academy Awards each for writing and directing ''A Letter to Three Wives'' (1949) and ''All About Eve'' (1950). In 1953, Mankiewicz formed his own production company Figaro, where he independently produced, as well as wrote and directed, ''The Barefoot Contessa'' (1954) and ''The Quiet American'' (1958).

In 1961, Mankiewicz took over direction from Rouben Mamoulian for ''Cleopatra'' (1963). The production was beset with numerous difficulties, including a heavily publicized extramarital affair between the film's stars Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. Relatively late into the production, Darryl F. Zanuck reassumed control of Twentieth Century-Fox as studio president, and briefly fired Mankiewicz for the film's excessive production overruns. Released in 1963, ''Cleopatra'' became the highest-grossing film of 1963 and earned mixed reviews from film critics. Mankiewicz's reputation suffered, and he did not return to direct another film until ''The Honey Pot'' (1967).

Mankiewicz then directed ''There Was a Crooked Man...'' (1970) and the documentary ''King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis'' (1972), sharing credit with Sidney Lumet on the latter film. His final film ''Sleuth'' (1972), starring Michael Caine and Laurence Olivier, earned Mankiewicz his fourth and final Oscar nomination as Best Director. In 1993, Mankiewicz died at Bedford, New York, at the age of 83. Provided by Wikipedia