Jean-Pierre Melville

Jean-Pierre Grumbach (20 October 1917 – 2 August 1973), known professionally as Jean-Pierre Melville (), was a French filmmaker. Considered a spiritual godfather of the French New Wave, he was one of the first fully-independent French filmmakers to achieve commercial and critical success. His works include the crime dramas ''Bob le flambeur'' (1956), ''Le Doulos'' (1962), ''Le Samouraï'' (1967), and ''Le Cercle Rouge'' (1970), and the war films ''Le Silence de la mer'' (1949) and ''Army of Shadows'' (1969).

Melville's subject matter and approach to film making was influenced by his service in the French Resistance during World War II, during which he adopted the ''nom de guerre'' (pseudonym) 'Melville' as a tribute to his favorite American author Herman Melville. He kept it as his stage name once the war was over.

His sparse, existentialist but stylish approach to film noir and later neo-noir films, many of them crime dramas, have been highly influential to future generations of filmmakers. Roger Ebert appraised him as "one of the greatest directors." Provided by Wikipedia